Capítulo 1 – A Cruz e a Espada | Brasil – A Última Cruzada

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Brazil – The Last Crusade See you soon As well as the biography of a man begins in
the history of his ancestors our homeland cannot be understood apart from
the one who conceived it and managed. Our identity will have to be sought and events
buried for many years and thousands of miles in the Old World and in the depths of the ocean. From this dive towards the remote origins many of the lines that separate the myths from reality is the story of the legends are being blurred
by the fog of the centuries and the beliefs of the ancients. The events that form the course of time leave
behind forgotten truths, but which can somehow be dated for they are marked on the ground, in the
writings and memories of men who have lived. This, is the story that we are going to tell you The story of people who exceeded the limits
imposed by the oceans and fought inch by inch against the wind The course of its own destiny, and that so,
made from it the way to a new world The Last Crusade Suddenly it’s like everything is gone and
as if we’ve forgotten that we’re Brazilians The best solution for Brazil, it’s giving
a bit of Brazil to the people It is common to find in our daily lives people
pointing out the natural beauties of Brazil In the other hand, there are very few times we find
people pointing out the human beauties of Brazil. So you can’t celebrate the national heroes
just because the national heroes are part of the dominant ideology So you make apology of the territory, of the
animals, the indigenous and so on, and the heroes disappear. The apology of the territory separated from
the apology of those who conquer it doesn´t make any sense. All of them. – all of them! They face an identity crisis They don’t know who they are Don’t know where they came from They don’t know their own story Withholding this story to the people, withholding
this story to a nation is a wicked act Well, history is the national identity itself And what is this, is the collective memory of
great achievements made or accomplished in common and they give people a sense of the background of their own lives and the origin of their values, feelings and so on The human being was not made to be, each one
is born, to be a new Adam in the paradise, coming from nowhere…
…like creating himself, that is absolutely impossible to achieve note that in all animal species, the one that
depends the most of the previous generation is the human being. When you broaden the memory by history you
feel no longer a being who was born… let´s say, a decade, two decades or even three decades ago… you feel like a being connected to humanity you’re a human being and you’re part of this whole history you’re not just part of your story All the instruments he will dispose of to fight for his life to build up his life he receives from something called culture. Therefore culture is an intellectual set of
accumulated assets. If this is not passed on to him he does not
know where he is is lost in space and time. To the extent that we learn, I mean, learning
to participate in the world and inheriting these civilizational values,
…and history is among them we are increasingly developing our ability
to affirm what is unique within us Chapter 1 – The Cross and the Sword We are so young in the history of mankind that sometimes we forget what allowed us to
get to this point and live like this. 30,000 years ago, our ancestors tried to say
something when they painted on the rocks These are the first messages we have from our ancestors. Life was hard, and we struggled just to survive The humans did not know where they were the unexpected such as wild animals and the cold… were part of a misunderstood day-to-day The world was an open and unknown place where our chance of survival seemed low. Some of us did what seemed to be impossible learned how to look to the future when
they saw the stars. Predicting the climate and migration of animals. Thanks to this incredible discovery, humanity
has had a unique opportunity understand the environment around us. We started planting, domesticate animals and establish a home For the first time in history, humans stopped
running and starving We had more than we could carry Writing was born to change our history We decided to record ideas and events It was a way of transcending the fear of death. Sending our thoughts, our beliefs, and experiences
to the future became possible That’s when we started inheriting the knowledge of humanity all of this took us from hunters to philosophers from fugitives to architects. we created ethics to improve the coexistence. The laws and the jury to perfect justice and starting a family became part of
our tradition of carrying humanity forward. When we live our daily lives here in the 21st
century we enjoy this legacy Greek Philosophy, Roman law, Christian Jewish morals and the accumulated experience of our ancestors are part of us. This heritage we call Western civilization If today the territories are divided into
countries with established languages and rules, it was not always so. This long way, each people set a piece of
the road that we have today The land that today houses Portugal was considered
the end of the world The border with an unknown ocean has always
been attracted and coveted Several people lived there until they saw
the rise of the Roman Empire and the entry of the Germanic tribes of the Suebi and Visigoths. The Visigoths formed cities in Western Europe
and for three centuries occupied much of the Iberian Peninsula. Preserving and absorbing the culture of their ancestors. How did this culture end up in Brazil? What do wars between different worldviews have to do with our history? To get a better view of the present, we need
to go back in time a little bit The year 700, around 700ad, the Muslim faith emerged And it was already expanding throughout the
Middle East, north of Africa The Muslim faith was born in Mecca, in Saudi
Arabia with Muhammad The preacher who claimed to have received
the revelation of being sent by God In this revelation, his mission would be about rescuing teachings that were brought by prophets such as Moses, Abraham and Jesus. But that over time would have been distorted. Then a lot of adherents who after his death
compiled his teachings in the Quran Book that underpins the Islamic faith and
disagrees with Jewish and Catholic beliefs. They also created the jihad, the war of keeping
Islam full within itself and bringing it to as many people as possible. In this way they sought to broaden the horizons
of Islamic territory initially by taking the Middle East and North Africa and then enter Western Europe. The strategy was long in duration and fast in conquest. Muslims took less than a decade to dominate
most of European territory The invasion began in 711ad and three years later they already inhabited most of the Iberian Peninsula. The curious thing is that this occupation
was encouraged by the same people who inhabited the region. The Visigoths were involved in internal disputes,
and because of this rivalry a faction of Visigoths enlisted the help of a
Muslim leader from North Africa. Who not only answered the request but realized
the wealth of the territory and took the opportunity to take it for himself. They entered very fast they entered precisely through Gibraltar and
managed to cross beyond Morocco and reached the Spain, and gradually they were taking
the villages and the cities. Gradually the peninsula was being conquered
and expanded until Lusitania, then expanded to where today is Portugal The theories that historians raise as to the
ease of the invasion was because in the first place the Visigothic Kingdom did not allow
populations of Roman origin to have access to weapons or the Army. So here we can see a disarmament process that
even facilitated the fall of their own state. The Escaped Christians fled to the top of the great
mountains in the north of the Iberian Peninsula There they established the so-called Kingdom of Asturias. In which acclaimed Dom Pelagio as their new king. In these Asturias then became the focus of Christian resistance Asturias never succeeded in conquering and
from there, Dom Pelagio organized resistance to the Muslim invader. The Muslims continued the conquest to eastern Europe Until they come across a frank kingdom A troop of 50 thousand Moorish soldiers crossed
the border to attack them It was a harbinger of the end of the West Carlos Martel, the commander of the Frankish army knew how to have in his hands the history of a civilization to defend and virtually no soldiers. He convinced the Church to finance the training of knights studied the formations of the ancient Greeks to resist by discipline and acceptance of dying for the cause. Spent a whole year training barbarians who
had never been soldiers to face a larger, and more powerful army On October 10, 732ad, thousands of soldiers
were on the front line of a holy war It was at the battle of Poitiers that Charles
Martel reminded the ancient Spartans In his endurance and courage. Coming out victorious For most historians this was the west’s last
chance for resistance “And in the shaken of the battle, the men of the north
looked like a sea that could not be moved. They remained with determination, one with the other,
in a formation that was like an ice castle; and with great blows of their swords they brought down the Arabs.”
Arabs version of the battle. Victory meant a sigh of hope for the enemies of Islam Then, Asturias began the process of reconquering
Muslim-dominated territory But there was a great battle in 722ad, the
Battle of Covadonga The Battle of Covadonga was considered the
beginning of the Christian Reconquest because they were no longer defending themselves
or making small guerrillas but faced the enemy directly in a process of
expansion of the kingdom of Asturias. The Moors had conquered Spain, and now it
was time to reconquering It was time to reconquer the lost territory. And Covadonga is a very important event for
Spanish Catholic culture Dom Pelagio is considered a great hero not
only because he resisted and organized himself in Asturias but because he was a winning hero in Covadonga. Several battles, several guerrillas were being fought and they were overcome by the Asturians for
the morale they gained in the victory at Covadonga. When you observe an Islamic society you have everything different Everything is different All values are different. And Portugal went through a time by Islamic rule And then you realize that some Islamic values
we took not only in the language as we also have in the word lettuce, or cotton (al-quṭn) words that come from Arabic but we also have some values… for example when we have military organization. Military organization it was more of a knight
wanting to become worthy wanting to stand out or sacrifice himself for a
greater cause on the battlefield While the Islamists had a more collectivist
view, more organized and then Portugal and Spain learn they maintain Christian heroism and learn Islamic techniques Because they first suffered… Islam, if you look at the map, they take the
Iberian Peninsula almost in full remains just a small piece of resistance and
then they will reconquering Four centuries have passed since the Muslims
had taken the city of Jerusalem. Preventing the Christian pilgrimage from visiting
the tomb of Christ. Western life at that time seemed defeated and hopeless In every turn of the earth, faith ceases to exist Fear of the Lord no longer prevails among men justice has disappeared from the world and
violence has taken over nations. The lie, betrayal and perfidy hover over us Virtue no longer exists, and today is something worthless Evil reigns in its place If we went back in time to the 11th century
it would be hard to believe our eyes Europe looked like a cursed region the central governments were not organized,
and the monarchies still crawled full of great castles that stole and fought among themselves a devastated and lawless land in an unprecedented decision the Pope promises
a place in heaven for the souls of those who agree to march to Jerusalem and take the sane earth. For the Pope it was the perfect opportunity
to unify Western and Eastern Christians and put the church back at the center of the world political scene. If it was not possible to live in peace in Europe,
his people decided to seek a better life… …in this world or in the next. The Era of the crusades was inaugurated. Now thousands of Christians from all over Europe were marching to take Jerusalem back from the hands
of Muhammad’s followers. What the Crusades were, was a partial and late response to the greatest imperialist aggression Europe
had already suffered. I believe not even the Romans have wreaked
as much devastation as the Muslims did. It´s because the Romans, when Rome invaded
a place, or a country… it immediately turns everyone into a Roman citizen
then you had every right. Romans easily adapted to local religions On the contrary if you had a local religion,
a strange deity… the Roman would take it and include into the
Pantheon in Rome and that’s it then they say; “great that’s more of a religion” So it was the Romans who invented multiculturalism But with the Muslims was the opposite, wherever
they invaded you had an option. You convert to Islam now or you accept Islamic authority or, you have two choices; first you die and
the second you become a second-class citizen. And you cannot practice your religion in public,
you cannot even speak of it. You can’t exercise this or that, and whatever
you get we shall take half from you… and so on. The Crusades began to rescue the land of Canaan because they had become of a hegemonic faith that
was in the Islamic question The crusades were a great success at first they succeeded in expelling the Saracen armies and freeing Israel Setting Jerusalem free. Along with the reconquered Holy Land emerged
masses of pilgrims marching in search of spiritual peace but the way to Jerusalem was for a few. In addition to frequent assaults there were
constant attacks by Muslim armies along the path. Every Christian pilgrim who wanted to go to
the land of Canaan, in Israel had their way prevented. It began to be very dangerous that journey,
it has always been, but became to be more dangerous now because
there was an Islamic mission which began to prevent the pilgrimage so you were in real life-threatening In order to protect Christians in this journey,
various military orders began to form to accompany them on the journey. A group of noblemen from France, met and formed
an order to protect the pilgrims on their walk That was the “Order of the Templars” The order would be officially recognized by the papacy gaining exemptions and privileges such as the
power to communicate directly with the Pope. When he was admitted as a knight, they should
swear to live in chastity and poverty being obedient to the Temple Master never retreat on the battlefield. It gained great popularity and grew rapidly
in both; members and power to defend the riches of pilgrims during the Crusades, created a
deposit and withdrawal mechanism that became the embryo of the banking system. They were religious, and had a vow not to
retreat on the battle field so they were the great fear of the Moors. The order could greatly help this new army to form they could greatly help in the constitution of Portugal The Templars since the beginning of the Templar
movement, they helped on two points… helping Portugal drive out the Moors and also starting
defending the Crusades. In one of the raids that Christians made in
the lands taken by the Moors a small army commanded by Alfonso Henriques was surprised
and cornered by the Muslims. Conflict was inevitable, and the chance of
survival almost non-existent. According to historians ten times higher than the Portuguese According to documents of the time it was
at this time that commander Afonso Henriques swears to have had a vision where Christ appears
and prophesies his victory by delivering the mission of spreading faith
throughout the four corners of the world. Afonso Henriques won the battle and was acclaimed
the first king of Portugal. Fact or legend, the Miracle of Ourique marked
in such a way the imaginary Portuguese that it became present in the flag of Portugal and in the
adventurous spirit of the coming centuries. Portuguese consider this document to be the
birth certificate of Portugal There was born Portugal They are the oldest borders in Europe today A civilization is founded with general guidelines
that comes from myth Myth is not synonymous with lying According to the dictionary you will see that
myth has several meanings and one of them is so deceiving, illusion and lie. But myth in the sense that I use here, is the Greek sense and the Greek sense is an explanation primordial on the order of the universe and
on the human order So why is it primordial? because its an explanation without time, it is from the past
that one doesn’t know what it was some things have happened and they explain
how the universe came about and explain how human life was organized and why What’s the connection between these things Without myth has no civilization What we had here is the figure of the founding father and this characteristic has remained present
since the foundation of Portugal since Dom Afonso Henriques With this he gains more power and gains more autonomy and he then continues to form his domains preventing the Moors from entering again Spain on the contrary, continues to fight
against the Moorish element, a Moorish element Europe was in constant conflicts between the kingdoms Everyone wanted to assert their power and
the borders were fragile Among them was France, where king Philip IV; “the Fair” who wanted to expand his power at any cost to face England That’s when he had an unprecedented idea Collect Church taxes The retaliation was swift, and the king was
excommunicated by the Pope The Pope did not expect that the smear campaign
made by Philip the Fair could be so strong that he would end up beaten,
and killed by the population. The new pope who succeeded him also died in
less than a year in origins still unknown today When then took over the French pope Clement who reverts
the church’s decisions in favour of its king In the eagerness for power, Philip the Fair
continued appropriating Jews and banks generating inflation, promoting defaults and making huge debts. The population revolts at the immense crisis
and the king uses the Templar Order that lent the money to pay its debts. The problem is that the loan was improper the money was used for the Crusades and when
the Grand Master of the Order Jacques DeMolay learned of the fact he expelled the treasurer
by opening a tug of war with the French king. Philip the Fair used the same strategy again takes place the defamatory campaign against the
Templars and the Pope who is under his rule to forbid the order in confiscating his property On the evening of Friday, October 13, 1307,
hundreds of Knights Templar throughout France was captured by the king’s soldiers, and according
to some historians… …subjected to torture to confess their crimes to this day we don’t have all the conclusions about this story but for many, that would be the reason for friday the 13th superstition
…be a dark day. Looks like this is very ambiguous issue because they invented the bill of exchange People deposited money in Europe and then
took money once they get to Jerusalem But the truth is, they stole a lot of money But at the same time there is all of that
heroic and mystical legacy of the Templars It was a very bloody process it was decreed all the Templars as the heretics
and there was a great shedding of blood, several traps armed against the Templars, and then
at last was an order… that could have brought great advances to Europe but was there being smothered by the greed
and tyranny of one of its sovereigns who feels threatened. After the arrest of the Templars in France,
Pope Clement V asked Don Dinis to do the same with the Portuguese Templars The king did not heed the pope’s request. The only country did not answer this bull
in a blunt manner that country was Portugal Portugal recognizes the value of the Order, and
gives safe conduct and shelter to this Order The legacy of Dom Dinis, founder of the University of Coimbra perhaps no act was more impactful than the skilful
political maneuver that would go down in history. When the Order of the Templars was extinguished,
a long time ago, unfortunately… the king of Portugal requested that the Order continue in Portugal. Because the Knights Templar was great defender of the
faith, and the Crusades, and the Holy Land and so on. The King of Portugal Dom Dinis, he rushes
in creating new orders and ask the Pope to transfer the goods of
the Templars to his government. Let´s say, for the government of these Orders. And then King Dom Dinis creates the Order of Christ And it would remain in Portugal but with the
name of Order of Christ The firm stance of the King of Portugal, led
the pope to include a clause in his bull making an exception for Portugal and its allies about
the transfer of the goods of the order. And then we can explain a lot of things in our history How can a so small country, just like Portugal How this country suddenly advanced and became
a great conqueror of the seas How this country suddenly was the top country
from which all the greatest navigators came out during a long period This elite body, solved a vital need for the
consolidation and strengthening of the Portuguese state. Integrated with the political sphere of the
crown, it would broaden the horizons of the kingdom, leading to the expansion of Portugal by the seas. Political life in Portugal would also not be so quiet Afonso Henriques’ heirs would not perpetuate
a government of the Afonsine dynasty Another great war breaks out in Europe between England and France Called: “The Hundred Years’ War” Many kingdoms were divided depending on the
side they decided supporting In 1383, the last king of the Afonsine dynasty,
Dom Fernando I, died without leaving any heirs It turns out this king tried to invade the kingdom
of Castile three times during the Hundred Years’ War being defeated in all of them, and at last
was obliged to marry the princess of Castile in order to establish peace. The absence of royal descendants, launched
Portugal into a serious monarchical crisis A possible union between the kingdoms could
be disastrous for the Portuguese economy Castile still lived in a feudalist economy,
while the Portuguese already presented the development of the bourgeoisie that would soon place
the nation as the most powerful in the known world. The conflict only ended in an armed war when
in 1385, John the master of Aviz, faced Castilian troops in the battle of Aljubarrota
and was proclaimed the new king of Portugal. A glorious new stage in the history of Portugal
that is the stage of the Dynasty of Aviz with John I and his children, the so-called:
“illustrious generation” and throughout the fifteenth century what we see is
the growing splendour of Portugal Because from this very illustrious generation
was going to be born the great empire of discovery We have one of the children of John I, who
is Prince Henry, who begins and launches Portugal in this great adventure of discovery. None of the children of the illustrious generation
stands out more than Prince Henry; “the navigator” Portugal was and remained the western end of the earth The end of the world known to Europeans With the strong belief of being impossible
to navigate the Atlantic Ocean All this used to be attributed to the divine will,
it seemed to be wickedness, the mere audacity of venturing into those waters. One of the most influential of these myths
was the story of St. Brendan Irish monk who according to a very
popular account from the 10th century would have sailed the North Atlantic, and discovered
several fantastic and paradisiacal lands. With Europe immersed in chaos, the idea of
having an island at peace beyond the ocean brought hope to the peoples who circulated these myths. Legendary islands appeared on the maps of
the time, such as an island called: “Hy Brazil” which meant Promised Land. And it may have influenced the name of our country. Searching for the island Brazil, purgatory or Atlantis was no more fanciful than looking for China,
India, Japan or the Americas. Gradually, impressive achievements were happening First, surpassing places never visited before,
and then discovering small islands In the year 1485, Prince Henry is appointed:
Grand Master of the Order of Christ Whose ample resources and immense privileges
accumulated would be well used in navigations He turned many of his knights into navigators
and many of his navigators into knights Not everything was quiet in Europe as the
navigations progressed The centuries-long war for the territory still
presented risks and before conquering the seas there would be one last challenge in Western Europe It has been six centuries since Christians
began the process of regaining European territory Muslims were retreating until they concentrated
in southern Europe in the granada region The emirate of granada becomes the last Muslim
stronghold in the Iberian peninsula and it falls under Isabel of Castile. She was a woman of very great intellectual
training, and she thinks that her mission is reconquering Spain once and for all that is, finishing what her ancestors did. The Muslims were in Granada, eventually waged
war against the Christians and had plans to reconquer the entire province they were in contact with the Turks and the
Moroccans to have a great invasion in Spain to resume the conquest. Isabel knew the whole history of the reconquest she was very cultured, as we talked about
before, so she knew this, and she had a notion of strategy and she knew that if she didn’t
take the Emirate of Granada quickly, this whole story of over seven hundred years could
be put into the bin. What Isabel and Fernando understand, we can’t attack alone And they remember that in the crusades, which
ended a short time ago, the pope gave indulgence to Christians from other countries who entered the crusades. So they got the Pope Innocent VII promulgated
a bull calling on all Christians from other countries to join in the reconquest and gain
indulgences in the same way they got in the crusades. with this, we see a buildup of foreign troops
arriving in Spain to help Spanish Christians English, Irish, French and German join
the Castilian army More than 50 thousand men from all around joining
the Castilian army of Ferdinand and Isabel. Isabel is personally present in the military
camps and they set out for new conquests until they reach the foot of the city of Granada. The Christians, in these eight months, did
not fade away, they remained convinced that sooner or later Granada would fall. The Moors also knew it was going to fall they kept fighting only for heroism They wanted to be faithful to what they believed in. But finally Granada surrendered, the Catholic
kings, the princes, the nobles, the priests, the great Christian captains dress up and
position themselves to the gates of the city, the drums roar, bombings of honours are made,
the cross is raised in the highest tower along with the flags of Castile… and with that ends the reconquest. The Moorish chiefs, they even try to kiss
the hand of Fernando and Isabel recognizing their sovereignty But Fernando won’t allow this to happen He says: “I’m the king, you’re a king too” Though an enemy, I don’t want your humiliation This happened on January 2, 1492 at 3pm Since then the bells of the churches of Granada,
make three rings exact at 3pm to this day in honour of this event. See which time the date again; January 2, 1492. 1492 was the year that Christopher Columbus
undertakes his navigation for the discovery of America. It was precisely in the camp of Santa Fe that
Columbus was and saw the fall of Granada, Columbus was there, and he tries to convince
Isabel to sponsor navigation Why influences navigations, what the navigations of
Portugal and Spain have to do with the reconquest? We have to see that we are talking about a process of
more than 700 years of struggle for possession of territary From the distant Asturias, Christians grew
and were expanding to conquer all their territory Then they were formed, generation by generation in
the conquest of territory and clearing of territory. until you have no more territory to conquer All they have left is the sea. Christopher Columbus had Isabel and Fernando
to finance his expedition It was an old goal and had already been denied by other kings Even the Portuguese. In 1492, Columbus discovered what he called:
“the West Indies” Those were the islands of Central America This discovery made it necessary to divide
the zones of influence between Spanish and Portuguese in the navigations For this, they signed the Treaty of Tordesillas,
where outside Europe, the Portuguese were left with a territory east of the meridian, while the Spanish were left with a territory to the west. Until then, only a small part divided by the
treaty had been seen by Europeans being divided only on paper. Immediately after Columbus’s first voyage,
several explorers sailed in the same direction But they were already aware that there was
something on the other side of the Atlantic to the point that when there were the treaties
between Spain and Portugal, they insisted that the demarcation line was 70 miles
further west, from where the Treaty of Tordesillas came. But I do not accept, I do not agree that we
despise the immense value that this country has, because it was born of the political
and technical effort of a people of a small territory and that it was the first organized nation in Europe. Located in a corner of the Iberian peninsula
and that at a certain time of its trajectory divided the world into two parts: one part
of themselves and the other part was to Spain. They had power; they had political clout for it and achieved this through the commitment of his people People who had never seen each other before
were about to meet In 1497, Portugal sent Vasco da Gama to
find a route to the India bypassing Africa for the first time. Three months after leaving, the fleet he commanded was
already sailing in waters so far unknown to Europeans. In Mozambique they had to impersonate Islamists,
and almost had their ships stolen until finally, ten months later, the fleet reached the Indian
destination and established the cable route, leaving the way open to India. At the time of returning, sailed against the
wind and some parts of the journey that lasted only 23 days now took 132 days. Half the crew perished. And as for the ships, and the 148 navigators
who were there, only two of them, with a total of 55 men returned to Portugal. Vasco da Gama arrived one month after his companions having to bury his older brother on the way On his return, he was rewarded as the man who
finalized the plan that took 80 years to accomplish. He received the title of major admiral of the seas of India. And in 1499, spread the word that the Portuguese
had arrived to the true India. The journey was the longest undertaken so far Greater than a complete round the world by the equator And it would be perpetuated in the epic: “Luziadas”,
written by Luis Vaz de Camões. an unbelievable achievement That would be overcome as early as the following year. The great navigations, I compare, with Nasa,
space travel, cape Canaveral, and the United States of the twentieth century. And I don’t know how many there were, but
it was the most daring adventures if that of navigators, who threw themselves into the
open sea in a time of superstitions, fears, uncertainties, sailing in waters never sailed before. This departure of these men, this maritime
expansion, it had a fundamental characteristic of heroism. Human endeavour Men perished on the way throughout the entire maritime tradition Portugal had the privilege of having its largest
cemetery in the seas. That’s why Fernando Pessoa has some verses in which he says… “Hail salty sea, how much of your salt are tears of Portugal”. And then at the end of this verse he says, “it was
worth it, it’s all worth it when the soul is not small”. A second large Portuguese armada was sent to India this time with thirteen ships about 1500 men and led by Pedro Alvares Cabral Cabral was Grand Master of the Order of Christ, and
a nobleman of faithful relationship to the crown Described as cultured, prudent and tolerant of enemies The day before departure, the crew received
a public farewell that included a mass and celebrations attended by the king, the court and a huge crowd His fleet moved far from the African coast until
it landed in what they called: “Porto Seguro”. What he believed to be an island… giving the name; Vera Cruz Cabral, having realized that the new land
was at the east of the Tordesillas line, soon sent an emissary to Portugal with the important news Some historians argue that the Portuguese
already knew of the existence of South America Therefore, the deviation of the route of Cabral
and the insistence of King John II to move to the west the line of Tordesillas Others argue that the objective of this venture
was to establish commercial relations in India, and that the deviation was due to navigation needs Making the discovery something accidental But in Portuguese logic, and this we will
find in the letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha, there is no chance when you believe in providence So this is a minor debate, in the Portuguese sense of their time Because a Portuguese faithful to the Catholic
tradition, he is not worried if he arrived unintentionally or wishing for it He believes that he is there for a reason,
and that this reason is missionary And this, these elements, we have already
found on the baptism certificate and that is often placed so in the letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha. How do you think that suddenly a people who
in the middle ages fought for 8 centuries against the Islamic enemy will, out of nowhere,
turn into a merchant? saying: “I just want to perform trading” That doesn’t make any sense. This story as it is told, that the Portuguese
goes out only to find spices and to have better access to trade routes, this is not justified at all, this is a complete ignorance of what was Portugal. Of what the medieval world was… the medieval world is a world of great warriors You don’t throw yourself into a small boat
across an ocean you don’t know …just to find a red “Pau-Brasa” No, it’s not that. It’s to find the Promised Land It’s to find the blessed land This is a motivating factor, from the great
discoveries, even today from space Oh, I’m going into space to find that on such a
moon, or whatever, will have a simple piece of iron. You’re going to discover life life beyond your own life… that’s what motivates It’s not the little things Understand this, how to put a lot of kids
on a boat and throw them, for what? “Because I want him to pick up a rock on
the other side of the ocean” That’s it? No! I want him to find paradise that was the motivating factor That was the basis of the will, it was the
key of the business So it wasn’t a small thing it wasn’t a frivolous thing, the way people say it it was nothing like that, but of course, it’s
harder for me to tell this story to a very large number of people It’s much more complicated The fact is that on April 22, 1500, the
Portuguese crossed the Atlantic Ocean… and arrived in Brazil It was the culmination of the Portuguese maritime expansion. Portugal was no longer the edge of the end of the world and the story of the two places would never be the same The story deserves to be told by luck, by providence, by virtue or by all of them We’ve come this far our journey has a name and every time we look back, we remember every
character who built the stage of our lives We have the opportunity to choose our references,
learn from our mistakes, and raise our morale Somewhere, there will always be the pantheon
of those who brought us here There are the passions, the merits, the sacrifices,
and all the heroism of mankind and it wasn’t easy The preservation of this place is our job We can’t let them steal all we have built of our civilization and whenever we’re lost, and not knowing where
to go, they’ll always be there and with open arms to tell us everything they sacrificed
in order to take a step beyond what seemed possible It’s not just about not forgetting where we came from… …it’s about not forgetting where we’re going to. In the most difficult moments History must be remembered To be continued